The article, written by environmental scientist Saleem H. Ali, explores how the historically oil-dependent country is adapting to modern challenges by embracing innovative strategies to diversify its economy.
Azerbaijan, known as the birthplace of the oil industry, is facing the depletion of its major oil reserves, projected to occur within the next 30 years. In response, the government is heavily investing in infrastructure projects, such as upgrading public transportation in Baku, developing ports, constructing theaters, and fostering conditions to attract tourism. These initiatives are designed to strengthen the service sector and reduce reliance on hydrocarbon exports.
A key focus of the article is the International Dialogue for Environmental Action (IDEA) initiative, launched in 2011 under the patronage of Leyla Aliyeva, Vice President of the Heydar Aliyev Foundation. The program unites efforts from the government, private sector, and international organizations such as WWF and IUCN to implement biodiversity conservation and environmental education projects. IDEA has achieved significant milestones, including the establishment of protected areas and efforts to preserve endangered species like the Caucasian leopard.
The IDEA initiative spans a wide range of activities, from environmental education programs for students to promoting eco-friendly values across society. For example, bicycle stands branded with the initiative’s logo have been installed in various cities, while the campaign’s objectives have gained strong support at the ministerial level.
The article emphasizes that such programs could not only contribute to Azerbaijan’s internal development but also foster regional environmental cooperation. For instance, ecological projects might serve as a bridge for dialogue with neighboring countries, including Armenia, with which Azerbaijan has complex relations.
Saleem H. Ali points out that successful initiatives combining state and civil society efforts can serve as a model for other resource-dependent economies. However, he cautions that achieving meaningful results requires sustained effort and long-term plans to reinforce ecological resilience and develop a post-oil economy.
The article also highlights the importance of transparency in managing resource revenues, noting that Azerbaijan was one of the first countries to comply with the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). Although the country withdrew from the process in 2017, it continues to demonstrate its commitment to sustainable development through programs like IDEA and other projects benefiting both society and the environment.
